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Nitrate Scrap

China's First Gunpowder Industry Museum

Although China's four great inventions of gunpowder, one of the birthplace remains a mystery, but as the country's largest yet discovered gunpowder industrial sites, Jiangyou Laojunshan region is a real "hometown of gunpowder," has no doubt. Recently, the reporter learned from the Jiangyou Laojunshan scenic, Chung Wa Laojunshan on the town in October this year, determined to build China's first gunpowder industrial museum, ancient mining saltpeter, saltpeter refining this period of history will be restored in the museum, gunpowder Museum powder produced in China will also witness the eternal mystery. It is reported that NOx Laojunshan ancient sites are actively apply for world cultural heritage, a great deal of preparation.

Discovery Kwu Tung nitrate concentration more than 20 heritage sites In December 2003, a number of local experts in planning tourism development in heritage Laojunshan first found stuffed into the many caves on the cliffs, ancient saltpeter Laojunshan from hole site began to receive attention. Laojunshan ancient ruins located in Jiangyou City Glass Tung Chung Wa, Chinese New Year, Yongsheng, Wen sheng and other six towns, stretches 21 kilometers, has been found ancient cave system for more than 20 nitrate, Chung Wa Road Town is located in Long River, the legend is the Ancient important yinping Road and Taurus Road meets West.

Beijing cultural relics experts Professor Xu Xiangdong (State Administration of Cultural Heritage of Ancient Architecture Museum founder) took the lead manager of the site to Quest Laojunshan ancient saltpeter, according to him, Laojunshan difficult terrain, the local known as "NOx air raid shelter" and includes not only the country's largest nitrate hole sun holes, as well as rain dong, senior officials dong, rhino dong, goblin hole, white hole, dry hole, as well as horns were holes, nine Cave, tobacco and other sub hole, the hole depth in the range from a few hundred meters to more than ten years. Zhaoyang Dong is about 7.5 kilometers, boil the stove nitrate, nitrate pool, scraps everywhere. Smoke in the adjacent sub hole, high concept of holes, such sites that could be seen everywhere. Thus, in Laojunshan powder on the construction of the museum is very appropriate.

Vision Visitors can personally experience the system for NOx Technology Rows of neat stove, a pit of different sizes in nitrate, nitrate pool ... .... Visitors can even touch the ancients had used personally working tools and daily necessities, to imagine the ancients were holding wooden sticks in the stove side ao Sodium scene ... ... reporter Laojunshan Scenic Area office to see the future of gunpowder through the 3D animation industry museum scene. According to an initial program planning, the museum complex will be on the basis of Laojunshan Scenic Area, along the climbing path of nitrate hole stone using a special system of NOx and reproducing the work of the ancients was the venue, the entire planning area will reach 3,000 square meters.

Gunpowder, the door to the museum will be designed to look like a cave mouth, the museum's director of display, width, height also true for the reference simulation cave, tunnel, table and so on genuine attempt, in the trenches of the Liang Bi also knowledge will be hanging instructions Laojunshan Scenic Area, General Manager, Chen Zhen, said: "This will allow visitors to experience immersive visitor boil inside nitrate saltpeter, saltpeter system, and other industrial activities, industrial development of China's gunpowder, there was understanding of the system. "

Quest What is refining saltpeter saltpeter cave in?

The nitrate is how the cave formed? Is how the ancients in such a strategically located and difficult of the mountains found in nitrate hole? And the harsh natural environment of the ancient collection will be out of nitrate for gunpowder production? Reporter decided to scenic spots together with staff to find out nitrate hole site.

As the saltpeter cave is almost reaching not see five fingers, scenic areas and old staff members had prepared in advance of the torch, torch is from local materials, will be installed in the bamboo tube in the diesel fuel made of. Our destination was located in heavy rain on the Chinese Laojunshan holes along the rugged mountain, in the scenic old has led the staff, we quickly climbed on the rain holes. Reporters feel that the temperature plunged in the hole. Rock walls in the hole, the old has used the index finger to gently pull a bit of white powder, he said: "This is the NOx, and inferred from the geological point of view, rain and other natural cavities are formed nitrate on the 'hidden' in soil, the ancients found out after their extraction. saltpeter mined in soil soaked in water first, so have a month NOx pool. immersion to a certain degree of nitrate soil removed from the nitrate pool after the stove on evaporation process within the boiler, brewed out of nitrate was crystalline. "

Under the guidance of the old who, through the dim light of torches in the cave a few corners, the reporter saw several places stove and nitrate pool, we can see obvious signs of excessive smoke. Stove caliber 60 150 cm between the locals hole about 100 meters wide and 56 meters, whereby estimates, rain hole can accommodate dozens or even hundreds of people simultaneously. Come to the end of the hole, the water can be heard buzzing sound of pouring tens of meters high cave at the top of the next Unit, springs, cave there are canals, it seems, when people have come to understand the water cited. Is every indication that, here is entirely a process of advanced NOx production bases.

Out from the hole, the old had told reporters: "This hole than Laojunshan more than 20 on the remaining NOx air raid shelter, the scale can not be considered large, but the ancients refining saltpeter saltpeter cave left nitrate residue, scraps and other mountain artificial mining traces are clearly visible. Unfortunately, the rain Laojunshan on the other holes as well as the era of nitrate hole can not accurately argue, but to judge according to a rough hole in kind can be sure that they are nitrate dong and the latest technology is also left by the Qing Dynasty. " Prospects Ruins of ancient saltpeter active preparations for the inscription

Laojunshan ancient ruins nitrate in May 2006 was an exception approved by the State Council announced as the sixth national key cultural relics protection units, and now the ancient saltpeter Laojunshan launched a World Heritage site Youxiang sprint. To the ancient saltpeter Laojunshan declared as world cultural heritage sites, in September 2006, Jiangyou municipal government has invited international experts in the ancient ruins and artifacts Laojunshan experts to conduct investigations. Experts agree that the ancient saltpeter Laojunshan industrial civilization of ancient ruins, as related to China's "four great inventions", the inscription has a solid foundation.

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Nitrate $70.1 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Les nitrates (autrefois nomms nitre, souvent synonyme de salptre) sont les sels de lacide nitrique. La formule chimique de lion nitrate est NO3. La prsence de nitrates dans leau est un indice de pollution dorigine agricole (engrais), urbaine (dysfonctionnement des rseaux dassainissement) ou industrielle. En Europe, la directive Nitrates vise rduire cette pollution. Dans de nombreux pays, les eaux destines la consommation humaine doivent respecter des valeurs limites (par exemple 50 mg/l en France et en Europe) pour tre qualifies de potables. LOMS recommande de ne pas dpasser 25 mg/l. Ne pas confondre nitrates et nitrites NO2 sels de lacide nitreux, ou rsultat de la rduction des nitrates par des bactries spcifiques. Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 76 Publication Date: 2010/08/02 Language: French Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.18 inches

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Potassium Nitrate $58.94 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Potassium nitrate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula KNO3. A naturally occurring mineral source of nitrogen, KNO3 constitutes a critical oxidizing component of black powder/gunpowder. In the past it was also used for several kinds of burning fuses, including slow matches. Potassium nitrate readily precipitates from mixtures of salts, and decomposing urine was the main commercial source of the nitrate ion, through various means, from the Late Middle Ages and Early Modern era through the 19th century. Its common names include saltpetre (saltpeter in American English), from Medieval Latin sal petrae: stone salt or possibly Salt of Petra, nitrate of potash, and nitre (American niter). For specific information about the naturally occurring mineral, see niter. The name Peru saltpetre or Chile saltpetre (American Peru saltpeter or Chile saltpeter ) is applied to sodium nitrate, a similar nitrogen compound that is also used in explosives and fertilizers. The major problem of using the cheaper sodium nitrate in gunpowder is its tendency to go damp Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 72 Publication Date: 2010/07/16 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.17 inches

Uranyl Nitrate $100.37 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Uranyl nitrate (UO2(NO3)2) is a water soluble yellow uranium salt. The yellowgreen crystals of uranium nitrate hexahydrate are triboluminescent. Uranyl nitrate can be prepared by reaction of uranium salts with nitric acid. It is soluble in water, ethanol, acetone, and ether, but not in benzene, toluene, or chloroform. Along with uranyl acetate it is used as a negative stain for viruses in electron microscopy; in tissue samples it stabilizes nucleic acids and cell membranes. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 154 Publication Date: 2010/07/26 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.36 inches

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Silver Nitrate $70.1 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula AgNO3. This compound is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides. It was once called called lunar caustic because silver was called luna by the ancient alchemistsIn solid silver nitrate, the silver ions are threecoordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement.Albertus Magnus, in the 13th century, documented the ability of nitric acid to separate gold and silver by dissolving the silver. Magnus noted that the resulting solution of silver nitrate could blacken skin. Its common name is nitric acid silver. Chemical formula or symbol is AgNO3. The Density is 13.23g.cm3. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 90 Publication Date: 2010/07/18 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.22 inches

Sodium Nitrate $68.51 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Sodium nitrate is the chemical compound with the formula NaNO3. This salt, also known as Chile saltpeter or Peru saltpeter (to distinguish it from ordinary saltpeter, potassium nitrate), is a white solid which is very soluble in water. The mineral form is also known as nitratine or soda niter. Sodium nitrate is used as an ingredient in fertilizers, pyrotechnics,as an ingredient in smoke bombs, as a food preservative, and as a solid rocket propellant, as well as in glass and pottery enamels; the compound has been mined extensively for those purposes. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 84 Publication Date: 2010/07/10 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.20 inches

Methyl Nitrate $74.88 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles Methyl nitrate is the methyl ester of nitric acid and has the chemical formula CH3NO3. Methyl nitrate is toxic and a sensitive explosive. It causes headaches when fumes are inhaled. It can be produced by the condensation of nitric acid and methanol: CH3OH + HNO3 CH3NO3 + H2O. When ignited it burns extremely fiercely with a grayblue flame. Methyl nitrate can be produced on a laboratory or industrial scale either through the distillation of a mixture of methanol and nitric acid, or by the nitration of methanol by a mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids. The first procedure is not preferred due to the great explosion danger presented by the methyl nitrate vapour. The second procedure is essentially identical to that of making nitroglycerin. However, the process is usually run at a slightly higher temperature and the mixture is stirred mechanically on an industrial scale instead of with compressed air Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 76 Publication Date: 2010/10/05 Language: English Dimensions: 6.00 x 9.02 x 0.18 inches

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